If warts appear near the anus, it indicates that the human papillomavirus (HPV) is advancing in the body. Oncology in the active stage, a dangerous infection that can cause death. Diagnosis and treatment should be timely.
What is human papillomavirus?
HPV is a common genital infection that causes warts in the intimate areas through active cell division. The group of viruses from the papillomavirus family includes 5 genera, 27 species, more than 170 strains. About 60% of the world's population is infected with HPV. In most cases, the virus remains in the body in a latent form for many years.
Incubation period
Replication lasts for 3 months when the virus does not manifest itself in any way. In some cases, the incubation period varies from 16 days to 12 months, depending on the state of immunity. During this period, the infection increases, affecting healthy tissue. Immunity in young women eliminates HPV on its own in 80-90% of cases. In the remaining 10-20%, the infection intensifies and the disease becomes chronic.
Ways of infection
In women, human papillomavirus infection enters the body in the following ways:
- Gender. The main route of infection is through anal, vaginal contact.
- Communication and household. Use of the patient's belongings, clothes, shoes, household items.
- From birth to the fetus. If the mother is infected with HPV, it is transmitted to the baby through the birth canal.
- Contact. Contact with the skin of an infected person.
Causes of HPV in women
Strong immunity kills the virus in 90% of cases and no treatment is required. In other patients, it becomes active and relapses occur. The causes of HPV in women are:
- viral diseases;
- early sexual activity;
- HIV AIDS;
- frequent change of sexual partners;
- immunosuppressive therapy;
- unprotected connection;
- long-term medications;
- childbirth, frequent abortions;
- diabetes;
- drug addiction, alcoholism in women;
- chronic diseases of the genitourinary system;
- weak immunity after the disease.
What is dangerous
In women, papillomavirus causes malignant tumors of the cervix, labia, vulva and anus. Breast cancer can develop. In order to rule out uterine dysplasia and further development of cancer, it is necessary to identify the DNA virus in time and start treatment. HPV during pregnancy is fraught with infection of the fetus. If a woman becomes ill while carrying a fetus, complex therapy begins at the age of 7 months, when the child's organs are fully formed.
Oncogenic HPV types
Depending on the degree of risk of cancer, the following types of HPV are distinguished in women:
- Non-oncogenic. HPV types 1, 2, 4, 5. Pathogenic changes in cells are excluded, cancer does not develop.
- Low oncogenic. Hpv types 3, 6, 11, 13, 32, 34, 40-44, 51, 61, 72, 73 do not cause oncology with persistent immunity. Under the influence of provocative factors, the development of a malignant tumor is possible.
- Medium oncogenes. HPV types 52, 53, 56, 58 and 30, 35, 45. Cancer develops under the influence of provocative factors.
- It is highly oncogenic. Hpv types 50, 59, 68, 64, 70 and 16, 18, 31, 33, 39. The probability of developing oncology is high.
Types 16 and 18 of HPV
HPV type 16 is highly oncogenic. The microbe penetrates the cells of the body, blocking the antitumor defense. The genitals appear gray spots with a rough surface in the anus. Over time, warts, papillomas and condylomata appear. They are localized not only in the genitals, but also in the neck, eyelids, thighs and armpits.
HPV type 18 also integrates into the DNA of cells, reducing the activity of the immune system, which creates favorable conditions for benign tumors prone to malignancy. Cervical cancer can develop. HPV type 18 also causes papillomas, genital warts and warts.
Signs of infection
Symptoms of infection depend on the type of person infected. At first, the HPV carrier does not feel uncomfortable. The virus is latent (asymptomatic). The following symptoms of HPV appear under the influence of provocative factors:
- pain in the external genitalia;
- burning sensation, vaginal discharge;
- skin neoplasms;
- pain during sexual intercourse.
Papillomas and condylomata
Skin growth is the first sign of HPV. Genital sneezes appear when infected with 6 or 11 types of viruses. The growths are flesh-colored, reminiscent of cauliflower. Such neoplasms are often prone to malignancy, localized in the anus, external genitalia, and rarely close to the oral cavity. Spills are numerous and can combine into large foci. The main danger is the risk of damage to such a structure in a thin leg.
Papillomas are caused by the activity of HPV type 1, 2, 3, 4, 10. Localized on lips, eyelids, chest, neck, armpits & mouthThe growths of tight consistency in the legs differ in color (pink, brown, pale). In women, vestibular papillomatosis may worsen. It is impossible to cure the disease. With strong immunity, such growths disappear without treatment, the risk of malignancy is minimal.
Warts
In women, the following types of warts differ in shape:
- Ordinary (vulgar). Localized on the face, head, fingers, hands. Plantar warts appear under the feet caused by HPV type 1, 2.
- Filamented. Knots in the legs are located in the groin, underarms and mammary glands, genitals.
- Straight (youth). Localized under the arms, neck, arms, face and chest. They appear during adolescence and disappear spontaneously when they grow up. It is caused by viruses of types 3 and 5.
Diagnostics
To speed up the recovery of girls and women, it is necessary to get tested and correctly identify the type of virus. In dangerous situations, women are registered in the department of venereal diseases. Diagnosis is complex, covering the following methods:
- Instrumental examination by a gynecologist. The doctor detects skin neoplasms, determines their size and location.
- Colposcopy. A colposcope is used to examine the vagina, cervix and vulva. Use Lugol's solution, acetic acid for accuracy of research.
- Biopsy. Excavation of biomaterial from the cervix is performed to confirm or rule out oncology.
- PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Detects the presence of human papillomavirus DNA.
- ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). It is performed to detect specific antibodies in the blood in response to the effects of the virus.
PAP test
This method is used in gynecology. An incision is made in the cervix to identify cancerous changes in the epithelium. The material is taken from the cervical canal, the mucous membrane of the inner side of the cervix and the vaginal fornix. It is dyed, dried and then examined under a microscope. The purpose of the test is to identify atypical and cancer cells.
The steps for evaluating the results are as follows:
- lack of microbial flora;
- initial stage of atypical cells;
- abnormal structure of nuclei;
- cells with irregular nucleus, cytoplasm, chromosomes;
- high concentration of malignant cells.
PCR diagnostics
Vaginal scraping is performed to identify areas of DNA that are characteristic of papillomavirus. With a positive result, the antigen concentration per 100 cells is as follows:
- Up to 3 Lg - HPV concentration is low.
- Lg is the capacitive amount of 3-5 papillomaviruses.
- Lg from 5 - high concentration of HPV.
Digen test
This is a hybrid capture method that detects regions of papillomavirus DNA. The screening test is characterized by high sensitivity (more than 96%), detects HPV at an early stage, and is prone to oncology. The Digene test determines the concentration of the virus, often combined with cytological examination. The Digene test requires no preparation and is used all over the world for fast results.
Treatment of papillomavirus in women
Complex HPV therapy covers the following areas:
- cutting growths on the skin;
- to take antiviral drugs;
- course of immunostimulating treatment.
Condylomas and papillomas are easily damaged depending on their location on the body. In addition, neoplasms can grow. Such growths are best removed surgically. Otherwise, the risk of skin lesions soon turning into cancer increases.
Medication
It is necessary to take medication to reduce the activity of the virus, to strengthen the immune system. The diagnosis can be treated. List of drugs for the complex treatment of HPV:
- Local cauterizers. These are gels, ointments, solutions with organic acids, antiviral components. In this way, you can eliminate small growths on the skin and stop their growth.
- Antiviral. The drug contains an antiviral component, which produces antibodies against the infection when it enters the body.
- Immunomodulators. They inhibit the growth of papillomavirus, stop the growth of skin growth, increase resistance to pathogenic flora, strengthen the immune system.
Surgery
One of the proposed surgical methods to stop the growth of neoplasms in the skin with a viral disease is:
- Laser therapy. Laser growth of growths. The method is allowed during pregnancy, is characterized by good tolerance, rapid rehabilitation.
- Cryodostruction. Warts are frozen with liquid nitrogen, after which they disappear painlessly. There are no scars on the body after the procedure.
- Diathermocoagulation. Growths on the skin are removed with an electric scalpel, an electric current. After the procedure, scars and scars remain on the body.
- Radio wave therapy. The method is painless, eliminates medium-sized growths, leaves no scars and has minimal medical contraindications.
- Surgical method. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia after the initial examination. Indications - extensive soft tissue lesions, suspected oncology. The disadvantage is the scars.
Folk remedies
The complex treatment regimen uses alternative medicine to eliminate the manifestations of papillomavirus. It is not possible to treat HPV from the inside in this way, but it is really possible to get rid of skin neoplasms without any results. Use the following health recipes to get rid of genital warts, warts and papillomas:
- Remove the stem of a fresh celandine, wash and rub the growth on the skin. Perform the procedure once a day until the wart dries and falls off on its own.
- Lubricate warts with castor oil 3-4 times a day. Perform the procedure until the installation disappears.
- Squeeze the juice of garlic, lubricate the lesions of the pathology. Perform the procedure 2-3 times a day. Over time, the wart will disappear.
- Rowan berries cut in half. Apply to the scalp, fix with plaster. Perform the procedure before bedtime, the positive dynamics are noticeable after 8 days. The course of treatment is 2-3 weeks.
- Combine lemon juice, apple cider vinegar and hydrogen peroxide in equal proportions. Mix, apply to external growths 2-3 times a day until collapsed.
Therapeutic regimens and infusions instead of tea can be included in a comprehensive treatment regimen to quickly destroy the virus and strengthen the immune system. Folk remedies with immunostimulating properties are as follows:
- Needle leaf infusion. Pour 1 tbsp. l. chopped needles needles 1 cup boiling water. Cook over medium heat for a quarter of an hour. Cool, strain, take the broth before eating (you can add honey).
- Sugar onion. Cook in boiling water for 10 minutes. Onion peel in a ratio of 1: 10. Insist broth, strain. Take 1 teaspoon orally. 5-6 times a day before meals (honey can be added).
Prophylaxis
It is difficult to choose the right medicine and destroy the papillomavirus forever. In addition, antiviral therapy has a number of side effects. You need to pay attention to preventive measures in a timely manner. Medical recommendations are as follows:
- Follow the rules of personal hygiene.
- Get tested for HPV twice a year.
- Eliminate immoral sex.
- Use barrier contraception.
- Strengthen the immune system (especially during seasonal vitamin deficiency).
- Monitor your medication intake.
- Live an active lifestyle, do sports.
Prevention of HPV in women includes vaccination. Inpatient vaccination can protect against only 4 types of papillomavirus - 16 and 18, 6 and 11.